The base record type.
The inferred patch type, including additions and replacements.
The merged record, the replacement patch, or base for a nullish or identical patch.
Object.prototype or null as its prototype.
Class instances and records with another realm's object prototype are replacements.__proto__ become own data properties, not prototype operations.
An undefined field is ignored; a null field overwrites.
Recursively merges a patch into a base record without mutating either input.
Deep-merges only pairs of plain records. Arrays, functions, other objects, and primitives replace their base values by reference rather than being traversed.